Alfred B. Nobel is actually the inventor of the dynamite. He saw its destructive power and decided to do something benevolent with his $9 million, so he reflected his desire to establish the Nobel Prize in his will. There are six areas in which people are awarded a Nobel Prize - peace, literature, physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, and economic science. The reason why mathematics isn't included in the list is very curious and widely disputed - there is even a myth that a mathematician 'stole' Nobel's wife. However, considering that Nobel has never been married, the explanation might be completely different.